Estimation of surface heat flux and an index of soil moisture using adjoint‐state surface energy balance

摘要: Estimates of surface heat flux and an index the control over evaporation are made based on radiometric observations ground temperature. A variational data assimilation approach is used to include energy balance in estimation procedure as a physical constraint (the adjoint technique). This technique formulates problem minimization temperature forecast misfits against observations. The equation incorporated constraint. Applications First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE) presented. estimates latent match those values independent measurements. flux, when compared with measurements, have root-mean-square error 20 W m−2. need discriminate between soil wetness aerodynamic contributions recognized.