Maternal care and cub development in the sun bear

摘要: Abstract All bears give birth to highly altricial young, but maternal style is markedly divergent among species. Like many aspects of sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) life history, care in this species poorly documented. Using detailed systematic behavioral observations, we provide the first quantitative report on mother–cub relationship and early development a bear. We summarize temporal changes behavior as cub ages evaluate investment cub. also developmental milestones documented 2 cubs born (one 2004, one 2006) at San Diego Zoo compare them with those available literature. This mother displayed indicating high level young offspring while still den. She held off ground, cradled it reduce cub's exposure ambient air, was attentive needs, responding nearly 50% vocalizations grooming ...