Characterization and treatment of titanium dioxide via ultrasonic process with melastoma malabathricum as sustainable sensitizer for photovoltaic solar cell

作者: Anika Zafiah M. Rus , Nur Munirah Abdullah , M. F. L. Abdullah

DOI: 10.1155/2013/251741

关键词:

摘要: Generation from the existing commercial devices costs about ten times more than conventional methods. Therefore, this paper presents a thin-film dyed solar cell (DSC) of natural dyes Melastoma malabathricum fruits which consist carbonyl and hydroxyl groups anthocyanin molecule that influences performance photosensitized effect due to its bound on surface filler. Experimental results comparing engineering grade (>99% purity) metal oxide; U1 U2 with treated U3 U4 using ultrasonic process, is break particle agglomeration 0.37  m down 0.15  m; treatment led “sponge-like” consistency high porosity, enabling enhanced absorption anchorage dye sensitizer. The microstructures oxide were observed Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) Atomic Force (AFM). Along highest I-V measurement given by open circuit, id="x63" d="M390 111l17 -21q-34 -80 -73.5t-89 -28.5q-91 -146 62t-55 147q0 118 101 195q74 57 149 57h1q59 90 -27q16 -14 16 -30q0 -29t-21 -14q-8 -19 11q-44 41 -101 41q-52 -87.5 -42.5t-35.5 -117.5q0 -49 15 -87t39 -58t49 -30t48 -10q33 60.5 12 t60.5 43z"  = 0.742 V, short id="x73" d="M319 325l-25 -7q-33 99 -103 99q-29 -47 -19.5t-18 -49.5t22 -49.5t62 -36.5q63 -26 95 -57t32 -79q0 -64 -50 -101t-115 -37q-35 -67.5 10.5t-46.5 23.5q-5 -11 51t-6 67l27 5q14 -53 46.5 -88.5t75.5 -35.5q29 50 19.5t21 50.5t-19.5 51.5t-59.5 39.5 q-28 12 -46 22.5t-38.5 27t-30.5 38.5t-10 49q0 54 42.5 92t109.5 38q48 88 -18q6 13 -50.5t9 -55.5z"  = 0.36 mA, fill factor, FF = 57.012 gives 0.039% efficiency examples for first outdoor application upon sunlight illumination such DSC also reported. novel fruit are reliable be used further application.

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