Return of Chloroquine Antimalarial Efficacy in Malawi

摘要: BACKGROUND In 1993, Malawi became the first country in Africa to replace chloroquine with combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine for treatment malaria. At that time, clinical efficacy was less than 50%. The molecular marker chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria subsequently declined prevalence undetectable by 2001, suggesting might once again be effective Malawi. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial involving 210 children uncomplicated Plasmodium Blantyre, were treated either or sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine followed 28 days assess antimalarial drug. RESULTS analyses according study protocol, failure occurred 1 80 participants assigned chloroquine, as compared 71 87 sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine. cumulative 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93 100), 21% CI, 13 30). Among mean time parasite clearance 2.6 2.5 2.8) resolution fever 10.3 hours 8.1 12.6). No unexpected adverse events related drugs occurred. CONCLUSIONS Chloroquine is an efficacious malaria, 12 years after it withdrawn from use (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00125489.)