Phenological characteristics of the tree layer of Kumaun Himalayan forests

摘要: The phenology of tree components natural forests occurring between 350 and 2150 m in Kumaun Himalaya is descibed. All had more evergreen than deciduous taxa. degree evergreenness increased with increasing elevation decreasing summer dryness. For most species (including all dominants) concentrated leafdrop simultaneous leafing occurred during the warm-dry period year. About half showed multiple leafing. a sharp flowering peak April. Wet-season was rare. Most flowered synchronously. In sal- (Shorea robusta) pine (Pinus roxburghii) single fruit maturation summer, while other there also secondary autumn.