Managing disasters in Malaysia : the attitude of officials towards compliance with the MNSC Directive 20

摘要: This research focused on pre and post-disaster planning in Malaysia since the adoption of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–20 15 national Vision 2020. A review existing practice including structure attitude government officers at central local authorities to risk was starting point. The regulatory compliance National Security Council MNSC Directive 20 programme is a key focus. exists as important core disaster regulation but implementation not according plan low. Failures were identified vulnerability causes Malaysia. beneficiaries actually unaware non-compliance that exposed them hazard. In general, more developed Asian economies, which one, have devoted much attention pre-disaster despite rapidly growing capital stock buildings public private housing. Although Development Bank has provided templates planning, uptake been slow. Malaysian case study an example, just country region. aim this highlight shortfalls provision, training awareness, recommend ways improvement. Gathered actors’ perspectives all level emergency management system helps explain reason failures. Measuring their attitudes towards reveals actual commitment because would require making changes barriers administrative environment. These be based, large extent, how perceived judged benefits implementation. uses both quantitative qualitative methods together involved 484 respondents. They broadly negative general compliance, arguing currently too many are present department levels make straightforward. need informative advice guidance enable see very probable societal can lead development. concludes by categorising obstacles overcome, encourage actors accept recommends structures, systems practices prior