作者: J. J. Boomsma
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-73069-6_5
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摘要: Fisher (1958) showed that equal parental investment in offspring of both sexes can be explained as the only evolutionary stable outcome frequency-dependent natural selection. By implication, this means a numerical sex ratio unity is expected populations or species where per average male equals female offspring. As soon sex-specific cost individual diverges, same process selection to shift until new equilibrium cumulative reached. During 1960s W.D. Hamilton made two crucial additions framework sex-ratio theory. Firstly, altruistic tendencies invest sibs their are likely evolve if imposed by loss gene copies own less than gain (Hamilton 1964). Accordingly, each supposed maximize its inclusive fitness allocating investments and/or depending on respective degrees relatedness (proportion genes identical descent) and cost/benefit different acts investment. Secondly, Fisher’s argument depended assumption random mating (population-wide competition for mates) female-biased selected when occurs small sub-populations before dispersal inseminated females 1967).