Future Planthopper Management: Increasing the Resilience of Rice Systems

摘要: The problem of planthoppers in rice—the causes planthopper outbreaks and the ways reducing likelihood this happening—is determined by dynamic interaction between features natural system decisions made human use system. A model resilience rice is used to provide a conceptual framework explore complex relationship, involving at different scales, including crop, farm, village, country international level. way which various combinations these factors can determine landscape whether particular more or less resilient are discussed; that is, populations remain low levels crops subject frequent outbreaks. Historically, number countries, breakdown occurrence have resulted from intensive production associated with increasing pesticides fertilisers, as well susceptible high-yielding varieties. In final section, threat resulting further crop intensification feed world population discussed. recommendations proposed on how might be avoided, sustainable practices part second green revolution, such maintaining enhancing ecosystem services through better management practices, selective ecological engineering. An important challenge coordinate stakeholders achieving harmonised approach future.