Smoking, quitting, and psychiatric disease: a review

摘要: Tobacco smoking among patients with psychiatric disease is more common than in the general population, due to complex neurobiological, psychological, and pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms. Nicotine dependence exposes smokers co-occurring mental illness increased risks of smoking-related morbidity, mortality, detrimental impacts on their quality life. The neurobiological psychosocial links appear stronger certain comorbidities, notably depression schizophrenia. Through its action cholinergic system, nicotine may have beneficial effects across a range health domains these patients, including improved concentration cognition, relief stress depressive affect, feeling pleasurable sensations. Despite availability effective cessation pharmacotherapies interventions, as well increasing evidence that individuals disorders are motivated quit, remains an undertreated under-recognized problem within this patient population. Evidence suggests provision flexible individualized treatment programs be successful. Furthermore, complicated relationship observed between dependence, withdrawal symptoms, necessitates integration close monitoring any successful program.