Behind the Veil: The Strategic Use of Religious Garb

摘要: There is anecdotal evidence that since the late 20th century young, educated, and urban Muslim women veil more frequently strictly. Does this imply classical sociological theories of religion, which predict modernization should cause a decrease in religious behaviours, do not apply to Islam? We investigate question using structural equation modelling analyse three datasets, one from Turkey, covering 25 countries, Belgium where Muslims are minority. find averagely conform theories’ predictions. But among highly modernizing forces—education, occupation higher income, living, contacts with non-Muslims—increase veiling. conjecture for factors raise risk temptation women's environments imperil their reputation modesty: veiling would then be strategic response, form either commitment prevent breach norms or signalling women’s piety communities. Our findings have implications cultural policy integration Europe.