Photoluminescent nanosensors for intracellular detection

摘要: In this manuscript we review the main strategies for detecting changes in intracellular parameters with photoluminescent nanosensors. Examples of detection pH, ion concentration (Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Hg2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g. hydrogen peroxide), variations temperature, RNA levels and enzymatic activity are described detail. The utilisation nanomaterials such as quantum dots, silicon carbide nanoparticles, nanoscale metal–organic frameworks, upconverting fluorescent nanoclusters, gold nanodiamonds, dendrimers polymeric nanoparticles bioimaging is highlighted. When compared to molecular probes, nanosensors combine high sensitivity selectivity low toxicity, which crucial sensing live cells.