Embryonic Development of Bone and Regulation of Intramembranous and Endochondral Bone Formation

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the developmental biology of skeleton. It describes complex array signals that influence each stage. Skeletal cells are derived from three distinct embryonic cell lineages: neural crest contribute to craniofacial skeleton; sclerotome somites give rise axial and lateral plate mesoderm appendicular component. The organization morphology developing skeleton established through a series inductive interactions. functional elements in these morphogenetic processes not individual but rather interacting populations elaborate an extensive extracellular matrix that, turn, feeds back onto producing controls their differentiation potential. Bone formation arising cartilaginous template is referred as endochondral ossification. complex, multistep process requiring sequential degradation structures serve templates for bones. In phase skeletal development, it appropriate interplay number gene products determines final phenotypic outcome. Finally, this explains inherited disorders mutant one specific phases. Knowledge how defects bone pathophysiology anticipated guide future efforts treatment metabolic disorders.