On the Desiccation of the South Aral Sea Observed from Spaceborne Missions

摘要: The South Aral Sea has been massively affected by the implementation of a mega-irrigation project in region, but ground-based observations have monitored poorly. This study is comprehensive analysis mass balance and its basin, using multiple instruments from ground space. We estimate lake volume, evaporation lake, Amu Darya streamflow into strengths offered various remote-sensing data. also diagnose attribution behind shrinking possible future fate. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations observed Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission region can approximate level East with good accuracy (1.8% normalized root mean square error (RMSE), 0.9 correlation) against altimetry observations. Evaporation back-calculated integrating altimetry-based situ streamflow, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation. Different evapotranspiration (ET) products (Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), Water Gap Hydrological Model (WGHM)), Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Evapotranspiration (MOD16) significantly underestimate lake. However, another MODIS based Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) ET shows remarkably high consistency (0.76 our (based on water-budget equation). Further, approximated volume variation, PT-JPL ET, GPCP datasets. In approach, deseasonalized GRACE signal basin was found to predict extreme flow one or two months. They be used for resource management delta. spatiotemporal pattern that terrestrial central (predominantly primary irrigation belt other than delta) increased. increase attributed enhanced infiltration, as vegetation index (i.e., difference (NDVI)) area decreased. additional infiltration might an indication worsening canal structures leakage area. how altimetry, optical images, gravimetric ancillary collectively help desiccating basin. A similar method explore lakes.