Measuring the musculoskeletal aging phenotype

摘要: The world is aging. population aged over sixty years worldwide predicted to rise from 841 million in 2013 more than 2 billion by 2050. Musculoskeletal (MSK) disease a significant burden on the aging population, contributing 7.5% of those 60 years. MSK diseases have pronounced effect disability level and independence old age, with consequent public health impact quality later life. As numbers older individuals their increase, it important examine life detail. musculoskeletal phenotype comprises four often interwoven key elements - osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia frailty this review will focus these themes. It crucial that we are able accurately measure each order might identify at greatest risk developing conditions, design trials therapeutic agents development. Accurate measurement necessary firstly document condition, then enable factors be identified which may accelerate or retard development progression. In some areas disease, work advanced (osteoporosis); other (sarcopenia) field currently very rapidly evolving. We explore tools used how they compare, as well highlight where needed.