Chapter 12 Clinical Trials in Central Nervous System Infections

摘要: Publisher Summary In this chapter, clinical trials in bacterial meningitis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, varicella- zoster infection, and the central nervous system (CNS) complications of HIV infection are reviewed. Chemoprophylaxis is used for prevention secondary cases once an index case meningococcal or Hib meningitis has been identified. The risk developing highest immediately after contact with case, majority occurring within first week case. An asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage meningococci common healthy individuals. A number host factors important determining whether a newly infected individual becomes carrier develops meningitis. These include presence specific functional antibodies opsonophagocytosis bactericidal activity, intact complement pathway, normal reticuloendothelial system. Close contacts should receive chemoprophylaxis as soon primary defined those individuals who have had patient's oral secretions. Rifampin recommended antimicrobial agent HIV-1 CNS focused both on associated disorders, such dementia, opportunistic infections. including toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMV), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, lymphoma.