Diagnosis and Prognostic Factors of UTUC

摘要: Preoperative tumor staging and diagnosis are difficult with currently available imaging modalities, but clinical variables have been identified to enable risk stratification distinguish high-risk low-risk tumors (Baard et al., Nat Rev Urol 14:181–191, 2017). The EAU Societe International d’Urologie (SIU)–International Consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) recommendations for in UTUC include urography using CT (CTU) or MRI In the standard diagnostic work-up, urine cytology a cystoscopy usually recommended rule out concomitant bladder tumor. addition, ureterorenoscopy biopsy patients whom findings of these procedures could influence treatment decisions, between radical nephroureterectomy kidney-sparing treatment.