Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays.

摘要: Due to the abundance of nanomaterials in medical devices and everyday products, toxicological effects related nanoparticles released from these materials, e.g., by mechanical wear, are a growing matter concern. Unfortunately, appropriate required for systematic evaluation materials still lacking. Here, ubiquitous presence surface ligands, remaining chemical synthesis major drawback as organic residues may cause cross-contaminations studies. Nanoparticles synthesized pulsed laser ablation liquid promising alternative this route provides totally ligand-free nanoparticles. The first part article reviews recent methods that allow size control laser-fabricated nanoparticles, focusing on post irradiation, delayed bioconjugation situ quenching low salinity electrolytes. Subsequent or parallel applications enable precise tuning particle diameters regime 4-400 nm without utilization any artificial ligands. second paragraph highlights progress concerning composition controlled alloy liquids. binary ternary with homogeneous elemental distribution could be fabricated particles closely resembled bulk implant material. Finally, model AuAg was used systematically evaluate Here Ag(+) ion release is identified most probable mechanism toxicity when studies gametes, mammalian cells bacteria considered.