Enteric co-innervation of striated muscle in the esophagus: still enigmatic?

摘要: The existence of a distinct ganglionated myenteric plexus between the two layers striated tunica muscularis mammalian esophagus has represented an enigma for quite while. Although enteric co-innervation vagally innervated motor endplates in been suggested repeatedly, it was not possible until recently to demonstrate this dual innervation. Twenty-two years ago, we were able that rat receive innervation from both vagal nerve fibers originating brain stem and varicose plexus. Meanwhile, considerable amount data gathered on its occurrence variety species including humans, neurochemistry, spatial relationships endplates, ontogeny functional roles. These underline significance newly discovered component, although function vivo is still largely unknown. aim review, which update our previous paper (Worl Neuhuber Histochem Cell Biol 123(2):117–130. doi: 10.1007/s00418-005-0764-7 , 2005a), summarize current knowledge about esophageal muscle provide some hints as significance.