Temporins and their synergism against Gram-negative bacteria and in lipopolysaccharide detoxification

摘要: Ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an essential component of the ancient and non-specific innate immune system in all forms life, with primary role killing infectious microorganisms. Amphibian skin is one richest storehouses for them. Each frog species produces its own set up to 10 isoforms, as case Rana temporaria. Nowadays, human health facing two major threats: (i) increasing emergence resistant pathogens or more available drugs, (ii) onset septic shock, which associated release lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from cell walls Gram-negative bacteria, particularly upon antibiotic treatment. AMPs are considered potential new anti-infective compounds a novel mode action, because many them can kill bacteria and, at same time, neutralize toxic effects LPS. Recent studies have suggested that production large number structurally similar within animal strategy used by nature increase spectrum activities, using combinations peptide's isoforms. The biological rationale their coexistence organism discussed. In addition, distinctive attractive synergistic temporins both anti-endotoxin activities reviewed, along plausible underlying molecular mechanism.