Strategies for Clonal Forestry with Norway Spruce

摘要: Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is the most extensively used forest-tree species in Europe. Recently, increased interest its use northeastern USA and eastern Canada has been expressed; some areas of this region, growth other qualities exceed indigenous (Fowler 1979). fast-growing healthy, with diversified uses for pulp as well sawtimber. Its rotation times are between 50 years central Europe to 150 northern Scandinavia. Substantial programs improve quality were initiated around 1920 Their primary focus was on provenance research, many tests being established 1917 1970 (Dietrichson These studies showed that moving provenances from south north and/or east west generally resulted per-unit-area gains volume production. However, sometimes correlated larger risks, associated both loss hardiness lower stem quality. Nevertheless, 1990, have realized result appropriate research-based transfers.