Measurement of the effects of abstinence from tobacco: a qualitative review.
作者： John R. Hughes
DOI: 10.1037/0893-164X.21.2.127
关键词:
摘要: This article reviews terms, methodologies, and scales used to describe the effects of abstinence from tobacco in humans. The review suggests operational definitions for withdrawal, offset, novel, indefinite effects. recommends use prospective studies that smokers trying quit, multiple data points pre-abstinence very soon after abstinence, comparison groups, at least 16 hrs objective measures, measures clinical significance, analytic techniques allow all participants' data. 8 most commonly withdrawal differ coverage, brevity, single vs. items each symptom. Of 6 consistently increase with but no measure appears superior.
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