Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Human Visitation

摘要: The more people lose contact with nature in their daily lives, the greater need to compensate for this loss through nature-based recreation and ecotourism. However, these tourist activities are often not without consequences animals. mere presence of humans can affect resident wildlife. Short-term changes physiology behavior may accumulate thus individuals. cumulative impacts small changes, combined other environmental assaults, have population-level reduce likelihood a population persisting over time. In chapter, we describe how human visits natural areas might modulate We find that most animals particularly sensitive numbers as well noise associated presence. Feeding practices change focal animals, leading some individuals becoming bolder aggressive. At physiological level, shift from an artificial diet could also long-term by affecting animals’ body condition traits essential survival. list current forthcoming challenges be addressed negative visitation on wildlife species context sustainable tourism management.