How scale and technology influence the energy intensity of water recycling systems-An analytical review

摘要: Abstract Many cities are moving towards increased use of recycled water to meet demand due freshwater scarcity, population growth, urbanisation and climate change. Water recycling requires substantial energy. utilities facing serious challenges providing cost-effective reliable services under rising energy cost. Energy is further linked with global change through carbon intensive Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. However, few studies have attempted understand the systems how intensity those varies scale technology. In this paper, we undertook a comprehensive systematic literature data review systems. We used four “cases”: (1) Centralised Potable (2) Non-Potable, (3) Decentralised (4) Non-Potable structure our work. Our analysis demonstrates decreases increasing size for wide range different treatment technologies. The centralised having capacity less than 5 MLD from 0.48 2.0 kWh/kL non-potable 0.75 2.0 kWh/k potable; capacities between 200 0.2 0.9 kWh/kL potable 0.25 0.75 kWh/kL non-potable; any greater MLD, 0.8 kWh/kL 0.55 kWh/kL But current 0.65 1.4 kWh/kL 21 378 0.6 1.0 kWh/kL 6 350 MLD. case decentralised systems, smaller consume higher but larger Systems (mid-size) lower intensity. Though system low, reuse treated dual pipe which involves good amount pumping long distance plant users. Pumping energy, in case, can vary 0.19 1.43 kWh/kL. selected technology train also influence on use. present trend produce high-quality all using Advanced Treatment uses do not necessarily require such high quality water. Little attention has been given introducing ‘fit purpose’ appropriate technologies (distributed) that potential reduce urban services.