The evolution of cathemerality in primates and other mammals: a comparative and chronoecological approach.

摘要: Non-primate mammalian activity cycles are highly variable across and within taxonomic groups. In contrast, the order Primates has historically been recognized as displaying a diurnal-nocturnal dichotomy that mapped, for most part, onto division between haplorhines strepsirhines. However, it become clear over past two decades in primates not quite so cut. Some primate species--like many large herbivorous mammals, mustelids, microtine rodents, shrews--exhibit both at night during day. This pattern is often polyphasic or ultradian (several short bouts per 24-hour period), contrast to generally monophasic (one long bout of period) observed diurnal nocturnal mammals. Alternatively, can vary on seasonal basis, with exhibited one season, other season. The term now employed describe exploitation phases 'cathemeral'. Cathemerality documented haplorhine, owl monkey, Aotus azarai, Paraguayan Argentinian Chaco several Malagasy strepsirhines, including Eulemur spp., Hapalemur sp. Lemur catta. this paper, we review patterns day-night mammals investigate potential ecological physiological bases underlying such activity. Secondly, will consider role cathemerality evolution.