Parasitic insects and mites as potential biocontrol agents for a devastative pest of tomato, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the world: a review

摘要: The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta is extremely difficult to control using chemical insecticides because larvae mine within plant tissue and are thus protected at least from contact insecticides. Also, have an ability develop resistance its quite challenging. Thus, parasitoids a very important component of the natural enemy complex T. been most common type enemies introduced for biological it. In present review, importance different egg-, larval- pupal-parasitoids, belonging several insect orders families, as well some Pyemotidae mites, was discussed. Research efforts application works biocontrol in European, North African Middle East countries, native home, South American had reviewed. Some considerations were presented, such parasitism mechanisms, factors affecting parasitic efficiency, interference or interaction between other enemies, side-effects synthetic botanical pesticides on conservation indigenous absoluta.