Nonspecific cellular defense of the avian respiratory system: a review.

摘要: The normal, steady-state, avian respiratory system has very low numbers of residing phagocytes (ARP). Birds must rely heavily on the influx ARP to defend against infectious agents. is refractory elicitation by inert stimulants, but responds efficiently replicating bacteria, with rapid large activated (polymorphonuclear neutrophils, heterophils, and macrophages) increased phagocytic proportions capacities. subside within a few days. Activated act in non agent-specific manner: Pasteurella multocida-activated can severe Escherichia coli airsacculitis. Parenteral routes stimulation generally are not, very, efficient activating ARP. Heterophils most defensive reactions, such as oxidative burst, production nitric oxide killing bacteria. Respiratory viruses may stimulate, also diminish some functions This true for attenuated, modified live virus vaccines. These vaccines be used carefully presence subclinical bacterial, mycoplasmal infections. Published literature non-specific cellular defense limited, particularly about interactions among multiple agents system.