Geometrical speciality and special properties of grain boundaries

摘要: It has long been a major preoccupation of materials users, whether implied or explicit, to tailor microstructures in order adapt specific properties for given application. In this context, the principal aim present review article is consider fundamental elements polycrystal microstructures, i.e. grain boundaries. The paper discusses current understanding two important aspects: a) possible relationships between geometry boundary, which determines its structure, and various properties; b) distribution geometrical characteristics, real boundaries can only be approached experimentally, an endeavour determine intergranular contribution overall De tout temps, les utilisateurs des materiaux ont tente de controler leurs dans le but leur conferer proprietes specifiques pour un emploi donne. C'est ce point vue que cet synthese considere joints grains, fondamentaux la microstructure polycristalline, avec deux objectifs: tenter d'elucider relations entre cristallographie d'un joint grain, qui sa en differentes joint; etablir grains polycristal selon caracteristiques geometriques afin comprendre aux l'ensemble polycristallin