Anomalous Electric Dipole Conversion Coefficients in Odd-Mass Isotopes of the Heavy Elements

摘要: A detailed review is given of experimental data on the anomalous $L$- and $M$-shell conversion coefficients low-energy electric dipole transitions observed in decays odd-$A$ nuclei high atomic number.The are consistent every case with interpretation that $E1$ ${L}_{\mathrm{III}}$ shell agree theoretical, model-independent calculated by Sliv Band Rose. It definitely established several well-measured cases ${L}_{\mathrm{I}}$ ${L}_{\mathrm{II}}$ substantially larger than theoretical values. The most striking anomaly occurs 84.2-kev transition ${\mathrm{Pa}}^{231}$, where 21 15 times values, respectively.The correlated lifetimes transitions, it shown magnitude (${L}_{\mathrm{I}}$ plus ${L}_{\mathrm{II}}$) proportional to retardation gamma-ray lifetime over from single-proton formulas. No systematic trend has been deviations individually.