Can Noncommunicable Diseases Be Prevented? Lessons from Studies of Populations and Individuals

摘要: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)—mainly cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases—are responsible for about two-thirds of deaths worldwide, mostly in low- middle-income countries. There is an urgent need policies strategies that prevent NCDs by reducing their major risk factors. Effective approaches large-scale NCD prevention include comprehensive tobacco alcohol control through taxes regulation sales advertising; dietary salt, unhealthy fats, sugars well-designed public education; increasing the consumption fresh fruits vegetables, healthy whole grains lowering prices improving availability; implementing a universal, effective, equitable primary-care system reduces factors, including cardiometabolic factors infections are precursors to NCDs, clinical interventions.