The Opportunities and Challenges regarding Induced Platelets from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

摘要: As a standard clinical treatment, platelet transfusion has been employed to prevent hemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia or dysfunctions. Platelets also show therapeutic potential for aiding liver regeneration and bone healing treating dermatological conditions. However, the supply of platelets rarely meets rising demand. Other issues, including short shelf life, strict storage temperature, allogeneic immunity caused by frequent transfusions, have become serious challenges that require development high-yielding alternative sources platelets. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an unlimited substitution source regenerative medicine, patient-derived iPSCs can provide novel research models explore pathogenesis some diseases. Many studies focused on establishing modifying protocols generating functional induced (iPlatelets) from hPSCs. To reach high efficiency production eliminate exogenous antigens, media supplements matrix optimized. In addition, introduction critical transgenes, such as c-MYC, BMI1, BCL-XL, significantly increase hPSC-derived production; however, this may pose safety concerns. Furthermore, many culture systems developed scale up iPlatelets, 2D flow systems, 3D rotary vertical reciprocal motion liquid bioreactors. The new gene-editing techniques, CRISPR/Cas9, be used solve transfusions knocking out expression B2M. Additionally, functions iPlatelets were evaluated multiple aspects, but not limited morphology, structure, cytoskeletal organization, granule content, DNA gene expression. Although close meeting application requirements both quantity quality, there is still long way go their large-scale application. Here, we summarize diverse methods update progresses iPlatelets. highlight recent advances our understanding key transcription factors molecules determine differentiation direction.