作者: W. C. Corning , J. A. Dyal
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摘要: It is difficult to reconcile formal learning theories with the intricate, complex, and adaptive organism-environment transactions which we observe in invertebrates. While it may turn out that delicate behavioral chiaroscuros are “nothing more than” stark operational definitions found Kimble (1961), when invertebrate watched for extended periods of time there little rapport between textbook observations. This not a plea naturalistic research so much as comment on lack conceptualization could encompass repertoires shown by volume reviews behavior modification invertebrates permits itself rather broad latitude concerning what or be “grade A certified” learning. will occurs at all levels phylogeny some quite complex paradigms successfully performed simple systems.