What does the wild boar mean to the wolf

摘要: Generalist predators are expected to shape their diets according the local availability of prey species. In turn, extent consumption a would be influenced by number alternative We have tested this prediction considering wild boar and grey wolf: two widespread species whose distribution ranges overlap largely in Southern Europe, e.g. Italy. reviewed 16 studies from total 21 study areas, assess whether absolute frequency occurrence wolf diet was (i) other ungulate (ii) available Wild turned out main (49% occurrence, on average), followed roe deer (24%) livestock (18%). Occurrence decreased with increasing usage deer, livestock, lower extent, chamois red deer. The did not influence diet. is gregarious, noisy often locally abundant ungulate, thus easily detectable, predator. predation may so much potential prey. Heavy artificial reductions numbers, through numerical control, concentrate wolves (e.g. deer) and/or conflicts human activities.