Integrated phylogeny of the primate brain, with special reference to humans and their diseases

摘要: Abstract Fossil, comparative anatomic and ontogenic data suggest that several systems of functionally anatomically related brain regions underwent selective expansion or differentiation during primate evolution, according to the principle ‘integrated phylogeny’. This process was closely tied neocortex, particularly its association areas. System I include neocortices as well nucleus basalis Meynert, entorhinal cortex, subdivisions septum, hippocampal formation amygdaloid complex. system undergoes degeneration in Alzheimer's Pick's diseases Down syndrome. II includes segregated circuits involving parts frontal basal ganglia, thalamus, substantia nigra, can become defective obsessive-compulsive disorder, Huntington's Parkinson's diseases. Certain nuclei mesencephalon brainstem, which co-evolved with regions, also demonstrate pathology affecting these systems. Integrated phylogeny each evolution likely promoted by regulatory mutations, gene duplications chromosomal rearrangements. Thus, understanding genetic basis integrated may elucidate pathogenesis human affect regions.