Barriers of a closed-loop cartridge remanufacturing supply chain for urban waste recovery governance in China

摘要: Abstract Most of big cities in China have struggled to deal with the issue "Garbage siege". Conversely, garbage like e-wastes can be a "City Mine" high recovery value. As one main methods, remanufacturing make significant contribution urban waste governance. However, uncertain supply and low demand remanufactured products hamper development. Thus, this paper aims introduce new closed-loop chain mode. We hypothesize that barriers for such mode exist whole from remanufacturers’ management government support. Focusing on most important components e-wastes, used cartridges, we first develop identify along three stages (collection remanufacturing, sales & use cartridges) at both enterprise levels. Then, using evaluation by four experts two typical remanufacturers, apply Decision Making Trial Evaluation Laboratory method analyze causal relationships among barriers. Different some previous studies reveal collecting cartridges is key difficulty plays crucial role, our results show are while elemental remanufacturers. Three need urgently dealt level, they are, lack national quality standards printing consumables, certification system technical consumables. The urgent barrier level reputation damage remanufacturers fake counterfeit Two restrictions original manufacturers self-owned intellectual property innovative technology patents.