Spatial mismatch of phylogenetic diversity across three vertebrate groups and protected areas in Europe.

摘要: Aim We investigate patterns of phylogenetic diversity in relation to species for European birds, mammals and amphibians evaluate their congruence highlight areas particular evolutionary history. We estimate the extent which network protected (PAs) retains interesting history three groups separately simultaneously. Location Europe Methods Phylogenetic (QEPD) (SD) were estimated using Rao's quadratic entropy at 10′ resolution. determined regional relationship between QEPD SD each taxa with a spatial regression model used tails residuals (QERES) distribution identify higher lower than predicted. Spatial biodiversity was assessed Pearson correlation coefficient. A simple classification scheme allowed building convergence map where convergent pixel equalled QERES value same sign groups. This overlaid current PAs level protection pixels compared it null expectation built on 1000 randomization over landscape. Results QERES across vertebrates show strong mismatch highlighting different histories. Convergent represent only 2.7% Western Palearctic, 8.4% these being covered by while random would retain 10.4% them. are unequally represented within PAs: predicted better expected, low undersampled. Main conclusions Patterns strongly diverge Europe. Although Europe has world's most extensive network, terrestrial is protected. The challenge now reconcile effective conservation planning contemporary view integrating multiple facets.