Off-axis effects on the multi-pulse structure of sperm whale coda clicks

摘要: Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) clicks have a multi-pulse structure, result of the reflection sound energy between air sacs in spermaceti organ. Although previous research revealed that usual (used for echolocation) recorded away from vocalizing whale’s longitudinal axis waveforms with poorly defined pulse structures, it has been unknown whether sperm coda communication) show similar off-axis effects. To address this knowledge gap, hydrophone array was used to localize whales, and different aspects were examined. Coda close acoustic showed well-defined multi-pulsed waveforms, while those did not. As clicks, suggests radiates directly into water upon off frontal sac.