Restoration Ecology in an Urbanizing World

摘要: As the world becomes more urbanized, need for ecosystem services in our population centers has become a priority. The restoration of functioning habitats within cities is being successfully attempted throughout world. Urban sites available ecology progress are usually small, surrounded by urban infrastructure, and isolated one from another. This fragmentation constrains quality natural communities that pragmatic ecological targets. Defining goals also must deal with abiotic stresses, including heat island effect, disturbed soils, modified local hydrology, chemical pollutants air, water, substrate. Existing biodiversity atypical taxonomic structure, driven loss many plant animal species original site compounded addition non-native plants animals high reproductive rates invade native remnants. These invasives can further reduce biodiversity. Changing community structure includes an overabundance herbivores such as deer North America introduced insects on all continents. Also, availability mutualist needed persistence may be low. Progress requires remedies to mediate physical biological changes. Political organization will require cooperation among levels government building new teams ecologists, engineers, design professionals manage planning. However, continents show developed successful protocols contribute cities’ environmental public health.