Aetiology of testicular cancer: association with congenital abnormalities, age at puberty, infertility, and exercise

摘要: Abstract Objective : To determine the risk of testicular cancer associated with undescended testis, inguinal hernia, age at puberty, marital status, infertility, vasectomy, and amount exercise. Design A population based case-control study a questionnaire administered by an interviewer relevant supplementary data extracted from general practioners9 notes. Setting Nine health regions within England Wales. Subjects 794 men, aged 15-49 years, germ cell tumour diagnosed between 1 January 1984 1987; each had matched (within one year) control selected list their practioner. Results There was significant association testis (odds ratio 3.82; 95% confidence interval 2.24 to 6.52) hernia (1.91; 1.12 3.23). The excess eliminated in men who orchidopexy before 10 years. were positive associations earl voice breaking, early starting shave, infertility. sedentary lifestyle moderate protective effect no vasectomy. Conclusion This confirms previous reports that developmental urogenital abnormalities result increased cancer. trend perform younger ages may reduce testis. risks puberty low amounts exercise be related effects exposure endogenous hormones. Changes both these factors partly contribute increasing rates observed past few decades.