Impacts of aluminum production: A cradle to gate investigation using life-cycle assessment.

摘要: In this study, a life-cycle assessment from the aluminum production processes is carried out by considering four major steps of - bauxite mining ore, alumina production, smelting, and ingot casting process aluminum. The study considered cradle to gate system analyze quantify environmental impacts during raw materials final finished product. input output datasets are taken databases eGrid reports analysis utilizing three different methods, namely International Life-cycle Reference Data System (ILCD) method, Tool for Reduction Assessment Chemicals Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) method. results show electricity consumption in smelting causes noteworthy burdens among all or involved. Residual fuel oil, diesel, natural gas also contributor impacts. Sensitivity conducted justify variation proportion with modes generation sources be used smelting. Further sensitivity quantity fossil based on their heat production. According results, renewable energy integration reducing fuels would promising alternative reduce associated