On estimating spatial and temporal variations in the properties of ice in the polar oceans

摘要: Abstract Because sea ice controls the surface heat and momentum exchange, light transmission buoyancy fluxes in water, its properties profoundly affect regional boundary layer characteristics biological activity polar oceans. Quantifying such effects, however, is complicated by large spatial temporal variations which cannot adequately be resolved direct observations alone. Present remote sensing data furnish only indirect information on fundamental processes needed to characterize a cover interaction with atmosphere ocean. Nevertheless, satellite buoy must provide basis for future monitoring prediction of effects. Achievement this goal depends availability physical models that can translate routine into quantitative basic as thickness, temperature, salinity structure. In paper we examine recent advances made understanding modeling evolution ice, both locally larger scales. Particular attention given thermal, mechanical optical determined from field, laboratory theoretical work.