Toxic and developmental effects of organophosphorus insecticides in embryos of the South African clawed frog.

作者: John Snawder , Janice Chambers

DOI: 10.1080/03601238909372644

关键词: ParaoxonEndocrinologyInternal medicineBiologyXenopusMalaoxonParathionMonocrotophosTeratologyMalathionAfrican clawed frogToxicology

摘要: Four organophosphorus insecticides and the active metabolites of two phosphorothionate were tested for their toxic teratogenic effects on embryos Xenopus laevis. All compounds caused dose-dependent developmental defects, such as abnormal pigmentation, gut development, notochordal defects reduced growth. Malathion, malaoxon, parathion, paraoxon produced severe while monocrotophos dicrotophos considerably milder defects. NAD+ levels to a similar extent, regardless severity induced. Thus some commonly used are embryos, but level does not appear be important in causing

参考文章(1)
P. D. Nieuwkoop, J. Faber, Normal Table of Xenopus Laevis (Daudin) Copeia. ,vol. 1958, pp. 65- ,(1958) , 10.2307/1439568