Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides on two developmental stages ofxenopus laevisand comparison with other amphibians

摘要: It has been suggested that Xenopus laevis is less sensitive than other amphibians to some chemicals, and therefore, the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) may have limited use in risk assessments for amphibians. However, comparisons are based mostly on results of FETAX, which emphasizes embryos. Larval X. be more chemicals embryos serve as a better life stage assessments. The present study was conducted determine lethal sublethal effects 3 insecticides (malathion, endosulfan, α-cypermethrin) larvae compare toxicity with All different modes action, they caused mortality, malformations, growth inhibition both developmental stages. Compared embryos, were endosulfan α-cypermethrin but not malathion. had low sensitivity median malathion, high α-cypermethrin/cypermethrin relative larval Our suggest generate protective estimates evaluating organochlorine provide useful thresholds pyrethroid perhaps organophosphorus insecticides.