Regulation in the age of globalization: the diffusion of regulatory agencies across Europe and Latin America

摘要: One of the most notable characteristics change in governance past two decades has been restructuring state, notably delegation authority from politicians and ministries to technocrats regulatory agencies. Our unique dataset on extent these reforms seven sectors 36 countries reveals widespread diffusion recent decades. In 1986 there were only 23 agencies across (less than one agency per country); by 2002 this number had increased more seven-fold, 169. On average each have four studied. Yet is characterized cross-regional cross-sectoral variations. data reveal major variations: first, are economic regulation that social spheres; second, spheres Europe Latin America. Why variations spread reforms? paper we present for first time gaps regions then move offer some explanations a way sheds light nature their limits. explanatory framework combines structural doing so new global public policy ideas.