Influence of temperature on germination of Quercus ilex in Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina and P. psychrophila infested soils

摘要: Summary The influence of temperature on germination Quercus ilex acorns in Phytophthora infested soils was quantified for the first time. Radicle damage and mortality Q. ilex seeds germinating at 17, 20, 23 26°C cinnamomi, P. gonapodyides, P. quercina P. psychrophila were assessed related to vitro mycelium growth same isolates pathogens. The optimum temperatures P. cinnamomi, 20–23, 23–26, 20–23 20°C, respectively. At 17 all four species caused 100% acorn mortality, whereas 26°C, 100, 10, 25 0% soils, 23°C, P. cinnamomi P. gonapodyides reduced radicle length more than P. psychrophila, only further reduction length. higher susceptibility comparison seedlings reported literature indicates age-related Phytophthora. seedling/pathogen ratio inversely different ( = 0.84, p < 0.0001), suggesting that rapid may allow escape from infection. Increasing had effects depending pathogen present soil, indicating species × temperature interactions determined germination. impacts based climate change predictions Mediterranean countries are discussed.