Living with Lions: The Economics of Coexistence in the Gir Forests, India

摘要: Rarely human communities coexist in harmony with large predators. Most often suffer due to predation on their stock while carnivores losses and at times extirpation retaliation. We examine the mechanisms permitting coexistence of Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) pastoral (Maldharis) Gir forests, India. monitored six Maldhari settlements between 2005 2007 quantify seasonal livestock holding, density other causes. Lion density, estimated by mark recapture, was 15±0.1 SE/100 km2. Livestock total counts, ranged 25/km2–31/km2 buffaloes being most abundant. Average holding families 33±3 SE. Lions predated mostly unproductive cattle (30%). Scat analysis (n = 165), events 180) seven continuous monitoring sessions 1,798 hours four radio-collared contribute 25 42% lions’ biomass consumptions, which only 16% predated; rest scavenged. With free grazing rights within Maldharis offset 58±0.2 SE% annual rearing cost comparison non-forest dwelling pastoralists. government compensation scheme for predation, this profit margin augmented 76±0.05 SE%. higher areas without livestock. Thus, current lifestyles holdings seem be beneficial both local conclude that a combination strict protection regime lions, Maldharis’ traditional reverence towards livelihood economics permit delicate balance lion-Maldhari coexistence. Indefinite increase population might upset equilibrium undermining conservation objectives. see no end programs worldwide as they constitute crucial element needed human-carnivore