Fundamentals of Neurosurgery: Virtual Reality Tasks for Training and Evaluation of Technical Skills

摘要: Background Technical skills training in neurosurgery is mostly done the operating room. New educational paradigms are encouraging development of novel methods for surgical skills. Simulation could answer some these needs. This article presents a conceptual framework use on virtual reality neurosurgical simulator. Methods Appropriate tasks were identified by reviewing oncology curricula requirements and performing cognitive task analyses basic techniques representative surgeries. The then elaborated into modules including learning objectives, instructions, levels difficulty, performance metrics. Surveys interviews iteratively conducted with subject matter experts to delimitate, review, discuss, approve each stages. Results Five selected as advanced skill. These were: 1) ventriculostomy, 2) endoscopic nasal navigation, 3) tumor debulking, 4) hemostasis, 5) microdissection. complete structured easy, intermediate, settings. Performance metrics also integrated provide feedback outcome, efficiency, errors. deemed proposed pertinent useful training. Conclusions presented here, Fundamentals Neurosurgery , represents first attempt develop standardized technical acquisition oncology. National Research Council Canada currently developing NeuroTouch, simulator cranial microneurosurgery. presently includes five at varying stages completion. A pilot study has shown that residents obtained higher scores on the than medical students. Further work will validate its components curriculum.