Exploring management objectives and ecosystem service trade-offs in a semi-arid rangeland basin in southeast Iran

摘要: Abstract Ecosystem services are increasingly being included as rangeland management objectives along with grazing, restoration, and conservation. These often conflicting can interact result in tradeoffs where managing for one ecosystem service (ES) the detriment of another. However, there is scarce information systems central Asia. This study aims to assess interactions between different ES a semi-arid watershed Iran centuries grazing history. We use field data, Integrated Valuation Services model, spatial analyses explore interaction distribution health its effects on: forage production, water yield, carbon stock, soil retention, formation. summarized ESs into two bundles: 1. production storage 2. retention Rangeland across area’s three physiographic regions was determined groups mapped. A classification system win-win (W-W), win-lose (W-L) lose-lose (L-L) under current regimes also developed using data statistical analyses. Findings show W-L among mid-watershed region. Although this region provided most storage; practices need consider sustainable provision Interaction classes were however W-W upstream conservation priority. Downstream, L-L due overgrazing urbanization; thus, restoration improved prioritization. Understanding help managers plan balance resources their supply.