Anatomical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

摘要: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent behavioral disorders in pediatric populations (1,2). Researchers have hypothesized that ADHD has a biological etiology (3). Indeed, twin studies provided evidence to suggest an inherited (4) and variety genes been identified, which associated with increased susceptibility developing (5). The core characteristics ADHD, include inattentiveness, impulsivity, hyperactivity, are thought be result dysfunctional noradrenergic dopaminergic pathways residing discrete brain regions (6,7). As recent advances neuroimaging technologies, there increasing number investigating neurophysiological basis Some concentrated on anatomical pathology, probing for variations neuroanatomical structures patients, such as differences volumes distinct regions. In contrast, other focused physiological functions central nervous system, regulation blood flow, may responsible manifestations disorder. following chapter will begin brief review techniques utilized investigate neurobiological ADHD. Next, we findings structural functional involving children adolescents We also discuss from begun mechanisms action pharmacological treatments Finally, examine some limitations existing propose investigation might help further clarify neurophysiology