A theoretical approach to the large-scale evolution of multicellularity and cell differentiation.

摘要: In contrast to Darwinian evolution in which organisms have been selected by the instantaneous judgment of advantage or disadvantage for a mutated gene, large-scale multicellular drastic changes their genomes produce new genes is theoretically formulated on basis concept 'biological activity'. The activity' an organism macroscopic quantity determined its whole genome and environment, consisting three terms; energy acquired from outside, stored form bio-molecules, systematization multicellularity as well organizing products. minus lost heat, entropy production heat must compensate reduction owing organism. Under boundary this thermodynamic law, organisms, experienced gene duplication cell differentiation, first decline be minor members population increase advanced differentiation. If raised cooperative action newly differentiated cells with pre-existing types cells, however, style can recovered. generated through evolutionary process does not necessarily expel old extinction but coexist choosing different material resources. Moreover, theory only explains punctuated mode indicated paleontology also reproduces divergence body plans observed Triploblastica Tracheophyta.