Wolf Depredation on Domestic Animals in the Polish Carpathian Mountains

摘要: As wolves (Canis lupus) recover in Poland, their depredation on domestic animals is increasing, as have conflicts between and farmers. From 1998 to 2004, I investigated spatial temporal patterns of 591 verified incidents wolf the eastern part Polish Carpathian Mountains. The population surveyed covered an estimated range 4,993 km2. Depredation occurred over 1,595 km2 that area. Sheep accounted for 84.8% killed by wolves. sheep number farms attacked increased 2004 (r2 = 0.61, P 0.04 r2 0.89, 0.02, respectively). attacks a given year were negatively correlated red deer (Cervus elaphus) numbers (R2 0.69, 0.02). amount caused each 4 monitored packs was best explained farm density territories 0.59, 0.004). Number recorded positively distance from pack's den rendezvous sites 0.16, 0.04). Of surveyed, 77% with no or inadequate protection. concluded studied area opportunistic. Wolf predation intensity function decreasing abundance deer, farms, proximity summer activity centers packs, it facilitated poor husbandry practices. These results can aid preventing provide foundation management plan.